江戸時代には、“元旦から七草の日までに七福神を巡ると、七つの災難が除かれ、七つの幸福が授かる”と言われ、正月行事として流行りました。また、その頃から、七福神が揃って乗り込み、金銀財宝を満載した宝船の木版画が登場しました。この宝船絵には、『永き世の遠の眠りの皆目ざめ、波乗り船の音の良きかな』という回文(上下どちらから読んでも全く同じ文)が記されていました。正月2日の夜、枕の下に敷いて眠ると、吉夢(縁起のいい夢)が見られると伝えられ、商売繁盛を願う店先に貼られるなど、縁起物として扱われるようになりました。
現在でも、日本各地に「七福神巡り」が見られます。有馬温泉から車で30〜40分程度の所に、「七福神巡り」の神社や寺があります。湊川神社・長田神社・生田神社・大龍寺・念佛寺・天上寺・須磨寺を総称して「神戸七福神」と呼びますが、いずれも参拝客の多い人気スポットになっています。今回は、長田神社(恵比寿)、生田神社(弁財天)、須磨寺(福禄寿)にご案内いたします。
“Kobe Shichifukujin”, or “The Seven Lucky Gods in Kobe”
The Seven Gods are supposed to bring fortune and good health and were made up among fishermen and farmers in the 14th to
15th century. They became the object of popular veneration in the 17th century.
The group, which includes Buddhist, Taoist, and Shintoist divinities, symbolizes the seven essential virtues: longevity, chance, popularity, frankness, magnanimity, dignity, and kindness.
During New Year's Day celebrations, many Japanese make a pilgrimage to the temples and shrines dedicated to one of the members of the Shichifukujin to secure prosperity and good health for the new year. This pilgrimage is called Shichifukujin-meguri, and can be found in many places in Japan. In Kobe City we have the “Kobe Shichifukujin-meguri”, as follows:
Name of god |
Place |
Remarks |
Ebisu |
Nagata Jinja (Shrine) |
A Japanese god of fishermen, farmers, and prosperity |
Hotei |
Tenjoji Temple, Mt. Maya |
A Taoist god of satisfaction and trade |
Fukurokuju |
Sumadera Temple |
A Taoist god of richness, longevity, and wisdom |
Jurojin |
Nenbutsuji Temple, Arima |
A Taoist god of prosperity and longevity |
Daikokuten |
Dairyuji Temple, Mt. Futatabi |
Originally a Hindu god named Mahakala, or a protective god against evil, this god was introduced to Japan via China as the god of wealth or fortune, and of kitchens |
Bishamonten |
Minatogawa Jinja |
Originally the Hindu god Vaisravana, the protector of Buddhist laws, and also a god of prosperity and war |
Benzaiten |
kuta Jinja |
Originally the Hindu goddess Sarasvati, the goddess of arts and music, introduced to Japan as the goddess of longevity, eloquence, wisdom, and military victory |
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